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| animal models of depression ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
animal models of depression
Animal models of depression are research tools used to investigate depression and action of antidepressants as a simulation to investigate the symptomatology and pathophysiology of depressive illness or used to screen novel antidepressants.
== Introduction ==
=== Depression ===
Major depressive disorder, also called "clinical depression" or often simply "depression", is a common, long-lasting and diverse psychiatric syndrome that significantly affects a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings and sense of well-being. Symptoms include low mood and aversion to activity. Depressed people may also feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, worried, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, hurt, or restless. They may lose interest in activities that once were pleasurable, experience loss of appetite or overeating, have problems concentrating, remembering details, or making decisions, and may contemplate or attempt suicide. Insomnia, excessive sleeping, fatigue, loss of energy, or aches, pains, or digestive problems that are resistant to treatment may also be present.〔(NIMH: Depression )〕
About one in six people in the U.S will succumb to depression at some point during their life span,〔Kessler, R.C., et al., Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2005. 62(6): p. 593-602.〕 and according to the World Health Organization, depression is projected to reach second place as leading contributor to the global burden of disease by the year 2020.〔Murray, C.J. and Lopez, A.D. (1997) Alternative projections of mortalityand disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet349, 1498–1504〕 The current antidepressants have late drug efficacy about 3–6 weeks; besides, many patients’ illness cannot be alleviated.〔Hua-Cheng YAN, Xiong CAO, Manas Das, Xin-Hong ZHU, Tian-Ming GAO. 2010. "Behavioral animal models of depression" Neurosci Bull August 1, 2010, 26(4): 327-337〕
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